Nowadays, national policies prohibit having more children, so people's emphasis on the quality of childbirth is increasing. From the moment of preparing for pregnancy, both men and women need to actively undergo preconception tests. So, what tests are needed to prepare for pregnancy?
1、 Urine routine examination
The urine routine examination in the pre pregnancy examination items is helpful for the early diagnosis of kidney diseases. Pregnancy can increase the burden on the kidneys, and the condition can worsen with the continuation of pregnancy, causing miscarriage, premature birth, fetal intrauterine growth restriction, and even requiring termination of pregnancy.
Urine routine examination does not require fasting, usually taking the middle part of the first morning urine for examination. The urine routine examination results are divided into 14 items.
1. Urine volume (Vol), under normal circumstances, a normal adult urinates 0.8-2.0 liters per day. But it is also affected by factors such as water intake, activity, sweating, and temperature.
2. Urine color (Col): normal urine is light yellow to yellowish brown, diabetes insipidus, diabetes and other patients are almost colorless, and patients with hepatocellular jaundice and obstructive jaundice are orange or dark yellow. 3. Acid base reaction (pH), normal fresh urine is mostly weakly acidic, with a pH of around 6.0. Due to the influence of food, the pH often fluctuates between 5.0 and 8.0.
4. The specific gravity (SG) of normal 24-hour urine is around 1.015, often fluctuating between 1.010 and 1.025.
5. Transparency (Clr), normal urine is clear and transparent without sediment. After a period of time, flocculent sediment may appear.
Analysis of Urinalysis Results
1. Urine color: Normal urine is light yellow to yellow brown. Often affected by diet, exercise, sweating, and other factors. In addition, urine with soy sauce color, red grape wine color, black brown color, and other colors can also be seen. After excluding drug effects, it is recommended to go to the hospital for further examination.
2. Urine output: Normally, a normal adult urinates 0.8-2.0 liters per day (24 hours). However, water intake, exercise, sweating, and temperature can all affect urine output.
3. Specific gravity: The specific gravity of 24-hour urine in a normal person is around 1.015 It often fluctuates between 1.010 and 1.025 due to factors such as diet, exercise, and sweating The fluctuation range of random urine density is 1.005-1.030.
4. Transparency: Fresh urine is clear and transparent without sediment. After being left for a period of time, flocculent sediment may appear, especially in female urine. Urine becomes cloudy upon discharge, often caused by white blood cells, epithelial cells, mucus, microorganisms, and other factors.
2、 Blood routine examination
Blood routine examination can provide information on hemoglobin levels, white blood cell count, potential infections, and anemia. If you suffer from severe anemia, there may be insufficient iron supply during pregnancy, which affects fetal development and is not conducive to postpartum recovery.
The role of blood routine examination
1. Determine if there are other bacterial infections. If the total number of white blood cells and neutrophils in the peripheral blood of patients with hepatitis B are increased, attention should be paid to whether there is bacterial infection.
2. Determine whether there is splenic hyperfunction. Patients with severe hepatitis B and cirrhosis usually have hypersplenism. If the total number of white blood cells and platelets in the peripheral blood of HBV infected patients are significantly reduced, hypersplenism should be considered, and attention should be paid to check whether there is cirrhosis.
3. Determine whether antiviral treatment is needed. At present, antiviral drugs all have varying degrees of bone marrow suppression, among which interferon has a particularly significant inhibitory effect on bone marrow. Therefore, blood routine should be checked regularly before and during antiviral treatment.
Generally speaking, when the total number of peripheral white blood cells is 2.5 * 10 ^ 9/L and the platelet count is 5 * 10 ^ 9/L, interferon should not be used or discontinued. Instead, nucleoside analogs can be used as antiviral drugs.
4. Determine whether there is aplastic anemia. If the hepatitis B virus infected person has an unexplained whole blood count decrease, it should be considered whether there is aplastic anemia.
Normal blood routine value
The normal value of blood routine test is mainly used to determine whether the expectant mother is anemic, and its judgment criteria are different in China and abroad. The normal value of hemoglobin in China is 100g/L, below 100g/L is mild anemia, below 80g/L is moderate anemia, and below 60g/L is severe anemia. In foreign countries, the normal value of hemoglobin is 110g/L, and a level below 110g/L is considered mild anemia. Below 90g/L is moderate anemia, and below 70g/L is severe anemia.
3、 Chromosome examination
Performing chromosome karyotyping can reveal many changes in large chromosomes. Chromosome karyotyping can tell us whether the number of DNA is correct, whether DNA is abnormal, an individual's gender, and certain infertility issues.
Chromosomes are genetic objects within cells that are easily stained dark by alkaline dyes, hence they are called chromatin; Its essence is deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a structured linear body composed of nuclear proteins in the nucleus that can be stained with alkaline dyes. It is the carrier of genetic material genes.
If there is a history of recurrent miscarriage, fetal malformation, or a family history of genetic diseases, the doctor may arrange for a chromosome test. Chromosome testing can predict the risk of offspring with chromosomal diseases, early detection of genetic diseases and whether the individual has chromosomal abnormalities or common chromosomal abnormalities that affect fertility, in order to take proactive and effective intervention measures.
Chromosome examination items
1. Reproductive system: Screening for trichomonas, fungi, mycoplasma and chlamydia infections, vaginitis, as well as sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis through routine vaginal discharge screening. Whether there are gynecological diseases, such as sexually transmitted diseases, it is best to undergo thorough treatment before getting pregnant, otherwise it may cause risks such as miscarriage and premature birth. This is a regular vaginal discharge examination, and most women won't feel anything, but relaxing during the examination can make you less sensitive.
2. Gynecological endocrinology: including 6 items such as follicle stimulating hormone, corpus luteum survival hormone, etc. Mainly diagnose ovarian diseases such as menstrual disorders.
3. Urinalysis: Helps with early diagnosis of kidney diseases. The 10 month pregnancy is a huge test for the mother's kidney system, as increased metabolism in the body can increase the burden on the kidneys.
4. Complete set of deformities: including rubella, Toxoplasma gondii, and cytomegalovirus. 60% to 70% of women will be infected with rubella virus. Once infected, especially in the first three months of pregnancy, it can cause miscarriage and fetal malformation. Check by drawing blood through veins.
5. Liver function: At present, there are two types of liver function tests, large and small. In addition to the full set of hepatitis B, large liver function also includes blood sugar, bile acid and other items. If the mother is a hepatitis patient, pregnancy can cause consequences such as premature birth of the fetus, and the hepatitis virus can also be directly transmitted to the child.
6. ABO hemolysis (done together for men and women): including blood type and ABO hemolysis testing.
4、 Genetic disease examination
Genetic diseases refer to diseases caused by changes in genetic material or controlled by pathogenic genes. Genetic diseases refer to diseases that are completely or partially determined by genetic factors, often congenital or acquired.
Genetic diseases such as Down syndrome, polydactyly, congenital deafness, hemophilia, etc. are completely determined by genetic factors and occur after a certain period of time from birth. Sometimes, it takes several years, decades, or even decades for obvious symptoms to appear.
Previously, people believed that genetic diseases were incurable. In recent years, with the development of modern medicine, medical geneticists have clarified the pathogenesis of some genetic diseases in their research, providing a certain foundation for the treatment and prevention of genetic diseases, and continuously proposing new treatment measures. Some genetic diseases can be prevented from occurring by controlling diet, thus achieving therapeutic effects. Medications often play an auxiliary role in the treatment of genetic diseases, thereby improving the patient's condition and reducing pain. Surgical correction refers to the method of surgically removing certain organs or repairing certain organs with morphological defects.
To have a high-quality baby, it is necessary to prevent various accidents from happening. Therefore, when preparing for pregnancy, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of both parties' physical conditions and carry out pregnancy and childbirth under the guidance of a doctor, in order to ensure the health and intelligence of the baby.
