If the couple is in good health, has been living together for more than a year, has normal sexual activity, and has not taken any contraceptive measures, but has not become pregnant for a long time. If the semen routine of the male and the reproductive function of the female are within the normal range, and there are no pathogenic factors to be found except for immunity, then it is necessary to consider whether it may be immunological infertility. What is immunological infertility?
Immunological infertility refers to infertility caused by immunological factors. Immunological infertility accounts for 10-30% of infertility patients, including various types of immunological infertility such as anti sperm antibodies, anti endometrial antibodies, anti egg antibodies, etc. The most common clinical condition is immunological infertility caused by the production of anti sperm antibodies. Due to inflammation of the female reproductive tract, local exudation increases, allowing immune related cells to enter the reproductive tract. At the same time, the mucosal permeability of the reproductive tract changes, enhancing the absorption of sperm antigens. In addition, infectious factors such as bacteria and viruses may act as natural adjuvants, enhancing the body's immune response to sperm antigens. As a result, anti sperm antibodies appear in the local reproductive tract and blood debt, affecting sperm vitality and interfering with fertilization, leading to infertility.
What are the types of immunological infertility?
Autoimmunity
It is the overflow of male sperm, seminal plasma or female eggs, reproductive tract secretions, hormones, etc. into the surrounding tissues of the body, causing an immune response and producing corresponding antibody substances in the body, affecting the vitality of sperm or follicle maturation and ovulation.
Homologous immunity
Refers to the production of antibodies in the female body by the male's sperm and seminal plasma as antigens, causing the sperm to aggregate or lose motility. In general, women do not develop an immune response, and only about 15% -18% of infertile mothers have anti sperm antibodies in their bodies.
Local immunity
Local immunity refers to the presence of lymphoid cells that produce immunoglobulin G and A in the cervical mucosa and endometrium of some infertile women, and the presence of anti sperm immunoglobulin G, A, and M in the cervical mucus. Therefore, the cervix and female reproductive tract have local immune effects on sperm.
What are the symptoms of immunological infertility
1. Liver qi stagnation and blood stasis: manifested as abnormal symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, pigmentation, chest distension and tightness, and tongue spots.
2. What are the symptoms of immune infertility in women with lung spleen qi deficiency? It manifests as adverse symptoms such as sore throat, abdominal distension and pain, nausea and vomiting, and the patient's friends are also more prone to catching a cold.
3. Deficiency of liver and kidney yin and damp heat: often manifested as afternoon hot flashes, night sweats, as well as adverse symptoms such as yellow urine, constipation, and restlessness of the five hearts.
