Literally speaking, hypertensive crisis refers to a critical condition caused by an increase in blood pressure. Moreover, hypertensive crisis is a special clinical phenomenon that occurs in hypertensive patients during the course of hypertension. In addition, pregnant women with gestational hypertension may also experience hypertensive crisis. So, what are the clinical manifestations of hypertensive crisis?
Due to the different organs involved, there are different clinical manifestations. In addition to measuring blood pressure to determine the accuracy of blood pressure, careful examination of the cardiovascular system, fundus, and nervous system is necessary. The key is to understand the degree of damage to the target organs and evaluate whether there is secondary hypertension.
1. Blood pressure
When the diastolic blood pressure is higher than 17.3kPa (130mmHg), the blood pressure suddenly increases.
2. Retinopathy of the fundus
Bleeding, exudation, or (and) nipple edema. If necessary, dilated pupils can be examined. The presence of new bleeding, exudation, and optic disc edema indicates an emergency of hypertension.
3. Neurological manifestations
Headache, drowsiness, convulsions, coma. Pay attention to evaluating the state of consciousness, the presence of meningeal irritation, changes in visual field, and local pathological signs, etc
4. Heart
Heart enlargement can lead to acute left heart failure. The patient experiences difficulty breathing, and pulmonary auscultation can reveal the presence of pulmonary edema. Cardiac examination can detect cardiac enlargement, jugular vein engorgement, wet rales in both lung soles, pathological third heart sounds, or galloping rhythm.
5. Kidney
Symptoms of oliguria, azotemia, and uremia. Abdominal auscultation can reveal murmurs caused by renal artery stenosis.
6. Gastrointestinal tract
Symptoms such as nausea and vomiting may occur.
Furthermore, we all know that it is better to prevent the occurrence of diseases in advance rather than waiting until they become ill before seeking treatment at the hospital. Especially for pregnant women with gestational hypertension, if a pregnant woman experiences a hypertensive crisis, not only the pregnant woman but also the fetus will be at risk.
The most basic way to prevent hypertensive crisis is for hypertensive patients to adhere to medication treatment, regularly monitor blood pressure changes in the hospital, and adjust medication dosage in a timely manner. In daily life, patients should arrange work and rest reasonably, avoid overwork, ensure sufficient sleep, and quit smoking and drinking. Psychologically, it is important to avoid significant emotional fluctuations.
In terms of diet, try to minimize salt intake and avoid high-fat diets. Therefore, it is best for hypertensive patients to cook at home and reduce the frequency of dining out. In addition, when hypertensive patients make soup at home, they should make low salt or salt free soup, because adding too much salt can cause hypertension and other diseases, and also affect the absorption of minerals such as calcium.
